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Python学习之路14——Socket
阅读量:6039 次
发布时间:2019-06-20

本文共 30149 字,大约阅读时间需要 100 分钟。

一、Socket

    socket通常也称作"套接字",用于描述IP地址和端口,是一个通信链的句柄,应用程序通常通过"套接字"向网络发出请求或者应答网络请求。

  socket起源于Unix,而Unix/Linux基本哲学之一就是“一切皆文件”,对于文件用【打开】【读写】【关闭】模式来操作。

  socket就是该模式的一个实现,socket即是一种特殊的文件,一些socket函数就是对其进行的操作(读/写IO、打开、关闭)

  socket和file的区别:

    • file模块是针对某个指定文件进行【打开】【读写】【关闭】
    • socket模块是针对 服务器端 和 客户端Socket 进行【打开】【读写】【关闭】

  1、信息交互的程序

    服务器端:

1 #!/user/bin/env ptyhon 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 # Author: VisonWong 4  5  6 # server端 7  8 import socket 9 10 ip_port = ("127.0.0.1", 9999)  # 服务器端ip和服务端口  127.0.0.1本机ip地址11 server = socket.socket()  # 创建server12 # server = 
13 14 server.bind(ip_port) # 绑定地址ip15 # server =
16 17 server.listen(5) # 开始监听,允许5个客户端排队18 conn, addr = server.accept() # 等待连接19 # conn就是客户端连接过来,服务器端为其生成的一个连接实例20 # addr就是客户端连接过来的地址21 # conn =

     客户端:

1 #!/user/bin/env ptyhon 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 # Author: VisonWong 4  5  6 #客户端 7 # client端 8  9 import socket10 11 ip_port = ("127.0.0.1", 9999)  # 要连接的服务器IP和端口12 client = socket.socket()  # 创建client13 14 client.connect(ip_port)  # 连接服务器端15 info = "hello"16 17 client.sendall(info.encode("utf-8"))  # 发送数据包,把str转换为bytes类型18 server_data = client.recv(1024)  # 收取数据包19 20 print(server_data.decode("utf-8"))21 22 client.close()

    注:如果客户端发送空字符给服务端,客户端发送没有问题,但是服务器是不会接受空字符的,服务器依然会停留在接受状态,程序会一直卡着。

   2、功能介绍

     server = socket.socket()

参数一:地址簇  socket.AF_INET IPv4(默认)  socket.AF_INET6 IPv6  socket.AF_UNIX 只能够用于单一的Unix系统进程间通信参数二:类型  socket.SOCK_STREAM  流式socket , for TCP (默认)  socket.SOCK_DGRAM   数据报式socket , for UDP  socket.SOCK_RAW 原始套接字,普通的套接字无法处理ICMP、IGMP等网络报文,而SOCK_RAW可以;其次,SOCK_RAW也可以处理特殊的IPv4报文;此外,利用原始套接字,可以通过IP_HDRINCL套接字选项由用户构造IP头。  socket.SOCK_RDM 是一种可靠的UDP形式,即保证交付数据报但不保证顺序。SOCK_RAM用来提供对原始协议的低级访问,在需要执行某些特殊操作时使用,如发送ICMP报文。SOCK_RAM通常仅限于高级用户或管理员运行的程序使用。  socket.SOCK_SEQPACKET 可靠的连续数据包服务参数三:协议  0  (默认)与特定的地址家族相关的协议,如果是 0 ,则系统就会根据地址格式和套接类别,自动选择一个合适的协议
详情
1 # 服务端 2 import socket 3 ip_port = ('127.0.0.1',9999) 4 sk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM,0) 5 sk.bind(ip_port) 6  7 while True: 8     data,(host,port) = sk.recvfrom(1024) 9     print(data,host,port)10     sk.sendto(bytes('ok', encoding='utf-8'), (host,port))11 12 13 #客户端14 import socket15 ip_port = ('127.0.0.1',9999)16 17 sk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM,0)18 while True:19     inp = input('数据:').strip()20     if inp == 'exit':21         break22     sk.sendto(bytes(inp, encoding='utf-8'),ip_port)23     data = sk.recvfrom(1024)24     print(data)25 26 sk.close()
UDP Demo

    ② server.bind(address)

      server.bind(address) 将套接字绑定到地址。address地址的格式取决于地址族。

      在AF_INET(IPV4)下,以元组(host,port)的形式表示地址。

    ③ server.listen(backlog)

      开始监听传入连接。backlog指定在拒绝连接之前,可以挂起的最大连接数量。

        backlog等于5,表示内核已经接到了连接请求,但服务器还没有调用accept进行处理的连接个数最大为5,这个值不能无限大,因为要在内核中维护连接队列。

    ④ server.setblocking(bool)

      是否阻塞(默认True),如果设置False,那么accept和recv时一旦无数据,则报错。

    ⑤ conn,addr = server.accept() 

       接受连接并返回(conn,address)。

       其中conn是新的套接字对象,可以用来接收和发送数据;address是连接客户端的地址。

       接收TCP 客户的连接(阻塞式)等待连接的到来。

    ⑥ client.connect(address)

       连接到address处的套接字。一般,address的格式为元组(hostname,port),如果连接出错,返回socket.error错误。

    ⑦ client.connect_ex(address)

       同上,只不过会有返回值,连接成功时返回 0 ,连接失败时候返回编码,例如:10061。

    ⑧ client.close()

      关闭套接字。

    ⑨ client.recv(bufsize[,flag])

     接受套接字的数据。数据以字符串形式返回,bufsize指定最多可以接收的数量。flag提供有关消息的其他信息,通常可以忽略。

    ⑩ client.recvfrom(bufsize[.flag])

     与recv()类似,但返回值是(data,address)。其中data是包含接收数据的字符串,address是发送数据的套接字地址。

    ⑪ server.send(string[,flag])

     将string中的数据发送到连接的套接字。返回值是要发送的字节数量,该数量可能小于string的字节大小。即:可能未将指定内容全部发送。

    ⑫ server.sendall(string[,flag])  

     将string中的数据发送到连接的套接字,但在返回之前会尝试发送所有数据。成功返回None,失败则抛出异常;

             内部通过递归调用send,将所有内容发送出去。

    ⑬ server.sendto(string[,flag],address)

     将数据发送到套接字,address是形式为(ipaddr,port)的元组,指定远程地址。返回值是发送的字节数。该函数主要用于UDP协议。

    ⑭ sk.settimeout(timeout)

     设置套接字操作的超时期,timeout是一个浮点数,单位是秒。值为None表示没有超时期。一般,超时期应该在刚创建套接字时设置,因为它们可能用于连接的操作(如 client 连接最多等待5s )。 

    ⑮ sk.getpeername()

     返回连接套接字的远程地址。返回值通常是元组(ipaddr,port)

    ⑯ sk.getsockname()

     返回套接字自己的地址。通常是一个元组(ipaddr,port)

    ⑰ sk.fileno()

     套接字的文件描述符

   3、聊天机器人

     server端

1 #!/user/bin/env ptyhon 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 # Author: VisonWong 4  5  6 #server 7  8 import socket 9 10 ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",8888)11 server = socket.socket()12 server.bind(ip_port)13 server.listen(5)14 15 while True:16     print("等待连接........")17     conn, addr = server.accept()     #等电话进来   子循环break后,可以接受下一个客户端18     print("接入一个新连接:",addr)19     while True:                     #建立子循环,可以接受当前客户端多次发送的消息20         try:21             data = conn.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")22             # if not data:23             #     print("你不和我聊天了吗?")24             #     break                      #linux下可以判断收到数据为空,代表客户端断开25             if data == "exit":26                 conn.sendall("exit".encode("utf-8"))27                 break28             elif data == "0":29                 conn.sendall("汪星人星球正要进攻地球。。。。".encode("utf-8"))30             else:31                 print(data)32                 conn.sendall("继续发送电波".encode("utf-8"))33         except ConnectionResetError as e:                #windows下需抓捕ConnectionResetError,判断跳出34             print("ConnectionResetErrorL:",e)35             break36     conn.close()

    client端

1 #!/user/bin/env ptyhon 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 # Author: VisonWong 4  5  6 #client 7  8 import socket 9 10 ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",8888)11 client = socket.socket()12 client.connect(ip_port)13 14 while True:15     info = input("->>>").strip()16     # send()或者sendall()函数不能发空,负责程序会陷入死循环17     if len(info) == 0:18         continue19     client.sendall(info.encode("utf-8"))20     data = client.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")21     if data == "exit":22         break23     else:24         print(data)25 client.close()

    注:1、客户端断开,为保证服务器端正常运行,windows下需抓捕ConnectionResetError,判断跳出。

      2、send()或sendall()函数不能发空,负责程序会卡住。

   4、ssh程序

    server端。

1 #!/user/bin/env ptyhon 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 # Author: VisonWong 4  5 #ssh server 6  7 import socket,os 8  9 ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",9999)10 server = socket.socket()11 server.bind(ip_port)12 server.listen(5)13 14 while True:15     conn,add = server.accept()16     while True:17         try:18             client_data = conn.recv(1024)19             recv_data = client_data.decode("utf-8")20             if recv_data == "exit":21                 break22             send_data = os.popen(recv_data).read()23             if not send_data:24                 conn.sendall(client_data+"命令不存在".encode("utf-8"))25             else:26                 conn.sendall(send_data.encode("utf-8"))27         except ConnectionResetError as e:28             print("ConnectionResetErrorL:",e)29             break30     conn.close()

       client端。

1 #!/user/bin/env ptyhon 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 # Author: VisonWong 4  5 #ssh client 6  7 import socket 8  9 ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",9999)10 client = socket.socket()11 client.connect(ip_port)12 13 while True:14     info = input("->>").strip()15     if not info:16         continue17     client.sendall(info.encode("utf-8"))18     if info == "exit":19         break20     server_data = client.recv(1024)21     print(server_data.decode("utf-8"))22 23 client.close()24 25 26 27 # ->>dir28 #  驱动器 E 中的卷是 文档29 #  卷的序列号是 0000-543130 # 31 #  E:\Python\PythonLearing\web 的目录32 # 33 # 2018/06/09  19:37    
.34 # 2018/06/09 19:37
..35 # 2018/06/09 19:19 530 chat_robot_client.py36 # 2018/06/09 19:16 1,313 chat_robot_server.py37 # 2018/06/08 14:12 489 socket_client.py38 # 2018/06/09 19:28 444 socket_client_ssh.py39 # 2018/05/25 13:42 1,067 socket_server.py40 # 2018/06/08 14:13 1,092 socket_server1.py41 # 2018/06/09 19:37 799 socket_server_ssh.py42 # 7 个文件 5,734 字节43 # 2 个目录 53,847,003,136 可用字节44 # 45 # ->>cd46 # E:\Python\PythonLearing\web47 # 48 # ->>exit

    5、粘包

    ssh程序运行的时候会出现一个问题:当我们执行ipconfig /all 命令时,服务器给返回的信息是不完整的,

    当我们再次执行其他命令时,返回的信息依然是ipconfig /all上次未传完的数据。

    这是由于我们每次传输的数据只能是1024字节,未传完的数据只能等待下次传输,这个现象就是粘包现象

    那好,我们直接把1024字节调成无穷大不就好了,调大并不能解决问题,况且一次发送的数据也不能是无穷大的。

    解决方法是:发送数据前,先把数据包的大小发过来,循环收取,直到收到的数据与数据包大小一样。

    ssh服务端升级版。

1 #!/user/bin/env ptyhon 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 # Author: VisonWong 4  5 #ssh server 6  7 import socket,os 8  9 ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",9999)10 server = socket.socket()11 server.bind(ip_port)12 server.listen(5)13 14 while True:15     conn,add = server.accept()16     while True:17         print("等待接受指令")18         client_data = conn.recv(1024)19         client_data = client_data.decode("utf-8")20         print("收到指令",client_data)21         if client_data == "exit":           #收到exit 退出22             break23         send_data = os.popen(client_data).read()    #执行命令结果,要发送的数据24         if not send_data:25             conn.sendall(("warning:"+client_data + "命令不存在").encode("utf-8"))26         else:27             send_data = send_data.encode("utf-8")       #转换为bytes类型28 29             length = str(len(send_data))              #统计发送数据的长度30             conn.sendall(length.encode("utf-8"))      #长度以bytes类型发送过去31             print("共需返回%sbytes数据" %length)32 33             return_value = conn.recv(1024)34             return_value = return_value.decode("utf-8")35 36             if return_value == "start":37                   conn.sendall(send_data)38     conn.close()

    ssh客户端升级版。

1 #!/user/bin/env ptyhon 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 # Author: VisonWong 4  5 #ssh client 6  7 import socket 8  9 ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",9999)10 client = socket.socket()11 client.connect(ip_port)12 13 while True:14     cmd = input("->>").strip()15     if not cmd:                 #空字符 重新输入16         continue17     client.sendall(cmd.encode("utf-8"))     #要执行的命令发送过去18     if cmd == "exit":           #如果为exit 退出连接19         break20 21     server_data = client.recv(1024)     #数据长度22     server_data = server_data.decode("utf-8")23 24     if server_data.startswith("warning"):25         print(server_data)26         continue27     else:28         length = int(server_data)            #长度转换为int29 30     client.sendall("start".encode("utf-8"))     #发送字节start31 32     sum_data = b""                   #初始汇总的数据33     while length > 0:              #循环收数据34         server_data = client.recv(1024)35         length -=len(server_data)36         sum_data +=server_data37     print(sum_data.decode("utf-8"))                 #打印最终的执行数据38 39 client.close()

    注:int类型在socket传输中,要先把int类型转换为str格式,再转化为bytes类型。

     FTP下载服务器端。

1 #!/user/bin/env ptyhon 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 # Author: VisonWong 4  5 # ftp 6 # server 7 # 1.读取文件名 8 # 2.检测文件是否存在 9 # 3. 打开文件10 # 4.检测文件大小11 # 5.发送文件大小给客户端12 # 6.等客户端确认13 # 7.开始边读边发数据14 # 8.发送md515 16 17 import socket,os,hashlib18 19 ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",9999)20 server = socket.socket()21 server.bind(ip_port)22 server.listen(5)23 24 while True:25     conn,add = server.accept()26     while True:27         print("开始")28         data = conn.recv(1024)29         cmd,filename = data.decode("utf-8").split()30         if os.path.isfile(filename):           #判断所得到文件名是否为一个文件31             with open(filename,"rb") as file:32                 file_size = os.stat(filename).st_size    #检测文件大小33                 print("返回文件%s大小为%s" %(filname,file_size))34                 conn.sendall(str(file_size).encode("utf-8"))   #发送文件大小35                 ack = conn.recv(1024)           #等待客户端确认状态,可以接收文件36                 m = hashlib.md5()37                 for line in file:38                     m.update(line)               #得到文件每行md5值,md5可连续更新39                     conn.sendall(line)           #将文件以行的形式拆分发送40             #此处需要注意的是,连续出现两个sendall()函数,依然有可能出现粘包现象41             #在客户端解决42             conn.sendall(m.hexdigest().encode())   #最后发送整个文件的md5值43         else:44             conn.sendall("文件不存在,请检查输入".encode("utf-8"))45     conn.close()

    FTP下载客户端。

1 #!/user/bin/env ptyhon 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 # Author: VisonWong 4  5 import socket,hashlib 6  7 ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",9999) 8 client = socket.socket() 9 client.connect(ip_port)10 11 while True:12     cmd = input("请输入要下载的文件名\n"13                 "形如:get python.avi\n"14                 "->>").strip()15     if (not cmd) or (not cmd.startswith("get")) :   #判断发送指令,不能为空16         continue17     client.sendall(cmd.encode())     #要执行的命令发送过去18     if cmd.startswith("get"):19         filename = cmd.split()[1]20         server_response = client.recv(1024)21         server_response = server_response.decode("utf-8")22         if server_response.startswith("文件"):23             print(server_response)24             continue25         else:26             file_total_size = int(server_response)27             client.sendall("ok".encode("utf-8"))28             #因为在本机测试,服务器端下载文件和客户端得到文件在同一目录,故重命名29             filename = filename.split('.')30             with open("%s_new.%s"%(filename[0],filename[1]),"wb") as file:31                 revice_size = 0                #建立接受字节计数器32                 m = hashlib.md5()33                 while revice_size < file_total_size:34                     if file_total_size - revice_size > 1024:    #一次接受1024字节35                         size =102436                     else:37                         size = file_total_size - revice_size     #最后一次接受,接受剩余字节38                     #接收到文件末尾后结束,防止多接受引起的粘包问题39                     data = client.recv(size)40                     revice_size += len(data)41                     file.write(data)42                     m.update(data)43                     print(file_total_size,revice_size,file_total_size - revice_size)44 45             new_file_md5 = m.hexdigest()46             server_file_md5 = client.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")47             print("new",new_file_md5)48             print("old",server_file_md5)49 50 51 client.close()52 53 54 55 # 请输入要下载的文件名56 # 形如:get python.avi57 # ->>get chat_robot_server.py58 # 1313 26 128759 # 1313 1049 26460 # 1313 1117 19661 # 1313 1278 3562 # 1313 1297 1663 # 1313 1313 064 # new 40a34e49fa1dc5022537c9c737e9361665 # old 40a34e49fa1dc5022537c9c737e9361666 # 请输入要下载的文件名67 # 形如:get python.avi68 # ->>

二、socketserver 多连接

  正如前面的socket模块部分看到的一样,写一个简单套接字服务器不是很难,如果想实现超出继承的应用,最好寻求一些帮助。

   socketserver模块是标准库中很多服务器框架的基础,这些服务器架构包括

   BaseHTTPServer,

        SimpleHTTPServer,

        CGIHTTPServer,

   SimpleXMLRPCServer,

  DocXMLRPCServer,

  所有的这些服务器框架都为基础服务器增加了特定功能。

  socketserver内部使用 IO多路复用 以及 “多线程” 和 “多进程” ,从而实现并发处理多个客户端请求的Socket服务端。

  即:每个客户端请求连接到服务器时,Socket服务端都会在服务器是创建一个“线程”或者“进程” 专门负责处理当前客户端的所有请求。

  ThreadingTCPServer(多线程,真并发

ThreadingTCPServer实现的Soket服务器内部会为每个client创建一个 “线程”,该线程用来和客户端进行交互。

使用ThreadingTCPServer:

    • 创建一个继承自 SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler 的类
    • 类中必须定义一个名称为 handle 的方法
    • 启动ThreadingTCPServer

用socketserver对ssh程序做修改,实现多用户同时操作互不影响。

ssh多用户服务器端。

1 #!/user/bin/env ptyhon 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 # Author: VisonWong 4  5  6 #scoketserver 7  8 import socketserver,os 9 10 class Myserver(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):11     def handle(self):12         while True:13             conn = self.request14            # conn,add = server.accept()15             while True:16                 print("开始收")17                 client_data = conn.recv(1024)18                 client_data = client_data.decode("utf-8")19                 if client_data == "exit":           #收到exit 退出20                     break21                 send_data = os.popen(client_data).read()    #执行命令结果,要发送的数据22                 send_data = send_data.encode("utf-8")       #转换为bytes类型23 24                 length = str(len(send_data))              #统计发送数据的长度25                 conn.sendall(length.encode("utf-8"))      #长度以bytes类型发送过去26 27                 return_value = conn.recv(1024)28                 return_value = return_value.decode("utf-8")29 30                 if return_value == "start":31                     if not send_data:            # 如果执行结果为空,表示命令不存在32                         conn.sendall((client_data +"命令不存在").encode("utf-8"))33                     else:34                       conn.sendall(send_data)35             conn.close()36 37 if __name__ == '__main__':38     server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(("127.0.0.1",8888),Myserver)39     server.serve_forever()

ssh多用户客户端。

1 #!/user/bin/env ptyhon 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 # Author: VisonWong 4  5  6 #ssh client 7  8 import socket 9 10 ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",8888)11 client = socket.socket()12 client.connect(ip_port)13 14 while True:15     cmd = input("->>").strip()16     if not cmd:                 #空字符 重新输入17         continue18     client.sendall(cmd.encode("utf-8"))     #要执行的命令发送过去19     if cmd == "exit":           #如果为exit 退出连接20         break21 22     length = client.recv(1024)     #数据长度23     length = length.decode("utf-8")24     length = int(length)            #长度转换为int25 26     client.sendall("start".encode("utf-8"))     #发送字节start27 28     sum_data = ""                   #初始汇总的数据29     while length >= 0:              #循环收数据30         server_data = client.recv(1024)31         length -=102432         sum_data +=server_data.decode("utf-8")33     print(sum_data)                 #打印最终的执行数据34 35 client.close()

   ThreadingTCPServer源码剖析 

  

    内部调用流程为:

    1、启动服务端程序

    2、执行 TCPServer.__init__ 方法,创建服务端Socket对象并绑定 IP 和 端口

    3、执行 BaseServer.__init__ 方法,将自定义的继承自SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler 的类 MyRequestHandle赋值给 self.RequestHandlerClass

    4、执行 BaseServer.server_forever 方法,While 循环一直监听是否有客户端请求到达 ...

    5、当客户端连接到达服务器

    6、执行 ThreadingMixIn.process_request 方法,创建一个 “线程” 用来处理请求

    7、执行 ThreadingMixIn.process_request_thread 方法

    8、执行 BaseServer.finish_request 方法,执行 self.RequestHandlerClass()  即:

       执行 自定义 MyRequestHandler 的构造方法(自动调用基类BaseRequestHandler的构造方法,在该构造方法中又会调用 MyRequestHandler的handle方法)

    相关源码:

class TCPServer(BaseServer):    """Base class for various socket-based server classes.    Defaults to synchronous IP stream (i.e., TCP).    Methods for the caller:    - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True)    - serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)    - shutdown()    - handle_request()  # if you don't use serve_forever()    - fileno() -> int   # for select()    Methods that may be overridden:    - server_bind()    - server_activate()    - get_request() -> request, client_address    - handle_timeout()    - verify_request(request, client_address)    - process_request(request, client_address)    - shutdown_request(request)    - close_request(request)    - handle_error()    Methods for derived classes:    - finish_request(request, client_address)    Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or    instances:    - timeout    - address_family    - socket_type    - request_queue_size (only for stream sockets)    - allow_reuse_address    Instance variables:    - server_address    - RequestHandlerClass    - socket    """    address_family = socket.AF_INET    socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM    request_queue_size = 5    allow_reuse_address = False    def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""        BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)        self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,                                    self.socket_type)        if bind_and_activate:            try:                self.server_bind()                self.server_activate()            except:                self.server_close()                raise    def server_bind(self):        """Called by constructor to bind the socket.        May be overridden.        """        if self.allow_reuse_address:            self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)        self.socket.bind(self.server_address)        self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()    def server_activate(self):        """Called by constructor to activate the server.        May be overridden.        """        self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)    def server_close(self):        """Called to clean-up the server.        May be overridden.        """        self.socket.close()    def fileno(self):        """Return socket file number.        Interface required by select().        """        return self.socket.fileno()    def get_request(self):        """Get the request and client address from the socket.        May be overridden.        """        return self.socket.accept()    def shutdown_request(self, request):        """Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""        try:            #explicitly shutdown.  socket.close() merely releases            #the socket and waits for GC to perform the actual close.            request.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)        except socket.error:            pass #some platforms may raise ENOTCONN here        self.close_request(request)    def close_request(self, request):        """Called to clean up an individual request."""        request.close()TCPServerTCPServer
TCPServer
class BaseServer:    """Base class for server classes.    Methods for the caller:    - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)    - serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)    - shutdown()    - handle_request()  # if you do not use serve_forever()    - fileno() -> int   # for select()    Methods that may be overridden:    - server_bind()    - server_activate()    - get_request() -> request, client_address    - handle_timeout()    - verify_request(request, client_address)    - server_close()    - process_request(request, client_address)    - shutdown_request(request)    - close_request(request)    - handle_error()    Methods for derived classes:    - finish_request(request, client_address)    Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or    instances:    - timeout    - address_family    - socket_type    - allow_reuse_address    Instance variables:    - RequestHandlerClass    - socket    """    timeout = None    def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""        self.server_address = server_address        self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass        self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event()        self.__shutdown_request = False    def server_activate(self):        """Called by constructor to activate the server.        May be overridden.        """        pass    def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):        """Handle one request at a time until shutdown.        Polls for shutdown every poll_interval seconds. Ignores        self.timeout. If you need to do periodic tasks, do them in        another thread.        """        self.__is_shut_down.clear()        try:            while not self.__shutdown_request:                # XXX: Consider using another file descriptor or                # connecting to the socket to wake this up instead of                # polling. Polling reduces our responsiveness to a                # shutdown request and wastes cpu at all other times.                r, w, e = _eintr_retry(select.select, [self], [], [],                                       poll_interval)                if self in r:                    self._handle_request_noblock()        finally:            self.__shutdown_request = False            self.__is_shut_down.set()    def shutdown(self):        """Stops the serve_forever loop.        Blocks until the loop has finished. This must be called while        serve_forever() is running in another thread, or it will        deadlock.        """        self.__shutdown_request = True        self.__is_shut_down.wait()    # The distinction between handling, getting, processing and    # finishing a request is fairly arbitrary.  Remember:    #    # - handle_request() is the top-level call.  It calls    #   select, get_request(), verify_request() and process_request()    # - get_request() is different for stream or datagram sockets    # - process_request() is the place that may fork a new process    #   or create a new thread to finish the request    # - finish_request() instantiates the request handler class;    #   this constructor will handle the request all by itself    def handle_request(self):        """Handle one request, possibly blocking.        Respects self.timeout.        """        # Support people who used socket.settimeout() to escape        # handle_request before self.timeout was available.        timeout = self.socket.gettimeout()        if timeout is None:            timeout = self.timeout        elif self.timeout is not None:            timeout = min(timeout, self.timeout)        fd_sets = _eintr_retry(select.select, [self], [], [], timeout)        if not fd_sets[0]:            self.handle_timeout()            return        self._handle_request_noblock()    def _handle_request_noblock(self):        """Handle one request, without blocking.        I assume that select.select has returned that the socket is        readable before this function was called, so there should be        no risk of blocking in get_request().        """        try:            request, client_address = self.get_request()        except socket.error:            return        if self.verify_request(request, client_address):            try:                self.process_request(request, client_address)            except:                self.handle_error(request, client_address)                self.shutdown_request(request)    def handle_timeout(self):        """Called if no new request arrives within self.timeout.        Overridden by ForkingMixIn.        """        pass    def verify_request(self, request, client_address):        """Verify the request.  May be overridden.        Return True if we should proceed with this request.        """        return True    def process_request(self, request, client_address):        """Call finish_request.        Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn.        """        self.finish_request(request, client_address)        self.shutdown_request(request)    def server_close(self):        """Called to clean-up the server.        May be overridden.        """        pass    def finish_request(self, request, client_address):        """Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass."""        self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)    def shutdown_request(self, request):        """Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""        self.close_request(request)    def close_request(self, request):        """Called to clean up an individual request."""        pass    def handle_error(self, request, client_address):        """Handle an error gracefully.  May be overridden.        The default is to print a traceback and continue.        """        print '-'*40        print 'Exception happened during processing of request from',        print client_address        import traceback        traceback.print_exc() # XXX But this goes to stderr!        print '-'*40BaseServerBaseServer
BaseServer
class ThreadingMixIn:    """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new thread."""    # Decides how threads will act upon termination of the    # main process    daemon_threads = False    def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):        """Same as in BaseServer but as a thread.        In addition, exception handling is done here.        """        try:            self.finish_request(request, client_address)            self.shutdown_request(request)        except:            self.handle_error(request, client_address)            self.shutdown_request(request)    def process_request(self, request, client_address):        """Start a new thread to process the request."""        t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,                             args = (request, client_address))        t.daemon = self.daemon_threads        t.start()ThreadingMixIn
ThreadingMixIn
class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, TCPServer): pass
ThreadingTCPServer
class BaseRequestHandler:    """Base class for request handler classes.    This class is instantiated for each request to be handled.  The    constructor sets the instance variables request, client_address    and server, and then calls the handle() method.  To implement a    specific service, all you need to do is to derive a class which    defines a handle() method.    The handle() method can find the request as self.request, the    client address as self.client_address, and the server (in case it    needs access to per-server information) as self.server.  Since a    separate instance is created for each request, the handle() method    can define arbitrary other instance variariables.    """    def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):        self.request = request        self.client_address = client_address        self.server = server        self.setup()        try:            self.handle()        finally:            self.finish()    def setup(self):        pass    def handle(self):        pass    def finish(self):        passSocketServer.BaseRequestHandler
SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler

    对源码进行精简做一个程序:

1 import socket 2 import threading 3 import select 4   5   6 def process(request, client_address): 7     print request,client_address 8     conn = request 9     conn.sendall('欢迎致电 10086,请输入1xxx,0转人工服务.')10     flag = True11     while flag:12         data = conn.recv(1024)13         if data == 'exit':14             flag = False15         elif data == '0':16             conn.sendall('通过可能会被录音.balabala一大推')17         else:18             conn.sendall('请重新输入.')19  20 sk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)21 sk.bind(('127.0.0.1',8002))22 sk.listen(5)23  24 while True:25     r, w, e = select.select([sk,],[],[],1)26     print 'looping'27     if sk in r:28         print 'get request'29         request, client_address = sk.accept()30         t = threading.Thread(target=process, args=(request, client_address))  # 每个连接过来创建一个线程31         t.daemon = False32         t.start()33  34 sk.close()

   如精简代码可以看出,SocketServer的ThreadingTCPServer之所以可以同时处理请求得益于 select 和 Threading 两个东西,

   其实本质上就是在服务器端为每一个客户端创建一个线程,当前线程用来处理对应客户端的请求,所以,可以支持同时n个客户端链接(长连接)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/visonwong/p/9155660.html

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